探讨化脓性肋软骨炎的病因、诊断、治疗及新分型的意义。

回顾性总结分析2007年5月至2022年4月西南医科大学附属中医医院胸心外科13例化脓性肋软骨炎患者的临床资料及新分型（Ⅰ型为单一的肋软骨感染；Ⅱ型为一侧联合的肋软骨感染；Ⅲ型为双侧联合的肋软骨感染，不累计胸骨；Ⅳ型双侧联合的肋软骨感染并累计胸骨）对手术的指导作用。

所有患者均手术切除病灶，共手术19次，6例出现轻度反常呼吸，无围手术期死亡，预后良好。

化脓性肋软骨炎漏诊率高，完整切除病灶，是治疗该病的有效方法，特别是新的分型对手术方式的选择及手术范围的规划有指导意义，大大提高了病灶完整切除的概率。

To investigate the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and significance of a new type of suppurative costochondritis.

The clinical data of 13 patients with suppurative costochondritis in the Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University from May 2007 to April 2022 and the guiding effect of the new classification on the operation were retrospectively analyzed. The new classification includes: type Ⅰ, single costochondral infection; type Ⅱ, combined costal cartilage infection on one side; type Ⅲ, bilateral combined costicartilage infection without accumulating the sternum; type Ⅳ, bilateral combined costicartilage infection and sternum.

All patients underwent surgical resection of the lesion, with a total of 19 operations. Six patients had mild abnormal breathing, and no perioperative death. The prognosis was good.

The misdiagnosis rate of suppurative costochondritis is high. Combining different preoperative localization methods with intraoperative exploration and complete resection of the focus is an effective method to treat the disease. The new classification is of guiding significance to the operation mode, and greatly improves the probability of complete resection of lesions.