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中华胸部外科电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (03) : 151 -157. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8773.2024.03.02

论著

不同外科修复模式治疗机械通气相关气管食管瘘的短期疗效评价
李春光1, 杨洋1, 李斌1, 华荣1, 孙益峰1, 李志刚1,()   
  1. 1. 200030 上海,上海交通大学附属上海市胸科医院胸外科
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-12 修回日期:2024-07-10 接受日期:2024-08-08 出版日期:2024-08-28
  • 通信作者: 李志刚
  • 基金资助:
    上海市食管癌专病数据库(SHDC2020CR6002); 2020上海市医苑新星青年人才计划

Evaluation of the short-term efficacy of different surgical repair approaches in treating tracheoesophageal fistula associated with mechanical ventilation

Chunguang Li1, Yang Yang1, Bin Li1, Rong Hua1, Yifeng Sun1, Zhigang Li1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
  • Received:2024-06-12 Revised:2024-07-10 Accepted:2024-08-08 Published:2024-08-28
  • Corresponding author: Zhigang Li
引用本文:

李春光, 杨洋, 李斌, 华荣, 孙益峰, 李志刚. 不同外科修复模式治疗机械通气相关气管食管瘘的短期疗效评价[J]. 中华胸部外科电子杂志, 2024, 11(03): 151-157.

Chunguang Li, Yang Yang, Bin Li, Rong Hua, Yifeng Sun, Zhigang Li. Evaluation of the short-term efficacy of different surgical repair approaches in treating tracheoesophageal fistula associated with mechanical ventilation[J]. Chinese Journal of Thoracic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2024, 11(03): 151-157.

目的

评价外科手术修复机械通气相关气管食管瘘(TEF)外科治疗效果。

方法

收集上海市胸科医院2019年1月至2023年12月机械通气相关TEF外科治疗病例,回顾性分析不同外科修复方式的治疗效果。

结果

纳入病例16例,均为机械通气相关TEF,5例采用气管节段性切除再吻合方式修复,其中1例气管食管之间置入肌瓣隔离,1例患者因化学伤导致声门上下区域均狭窄闭锁,永久性气管造口,其余患者无喉返神经损伤、吻合口裂孔等并发症。10例采用侧入路修复,2例置入肌瓣填塞隔离,所有患者无喉返神经损伤、吻合口裂开等并发症,1例患者术后2周,气管镜食管镜证实吻合区域愈合良好,但因咳痰无力,二氧化碳潴留,家属拒绝气管插管,导致呼吸循环衰竭死亡,1行胃代食管旁路手术,术中探查瘘口巨大,无法修补,术后出现颈部消化道吻合口瘘,保守治疗痊愈,拔除气切套管后出现气道塌陷伴呼吸困难,置入永久性硅酮支架。

结论

气管节段性切除再吻合方式修复和侧入路修复两种手术方式均能有效的治愈机械通气相关TEF。旁路手术适用于瘘口巨大无法直接修补的患者。

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of surgical repair of mechanical ventilation-related tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) .

Methods

Patients who underwent surgical treatment of TEF associated with mechanical ventilation from January 2019 to December 2023 in Shanghai Chest Hospital were collected, followed by a retrospective analysis of the efficacy of different surgical repair approaches.

Results

Sixteen patients who experienced TEF associated with mechanical ventilation were included in this study, including 5 repaired by tracheal resection anastomosis, among which 1 had muscle flap isolation placed between the tracheoesophagus, 1 suffered stenosis and atresia above and below the glottis due to chemical injury and received permanent tracheostomy, and the others experienced no complications such as recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or anastomotic hiatus. Among them, 10 patients were repaired through lateral approach repair, 2 were implanted with muscle flap packing and isolation, and all patients experienced no complications such as recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or anastomotic dehiscence. Meanwhile, 1 patient was confirmed with satisfactory healing of the anastomotic area by bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy 2 weeks postoperatively but died of respiratory and circulatory failure due to carbon dioxide retention, and rejected intubation by family members. One patient underwent gastric esophageal bypass surgery, with intraoperative investigation indicating a large fistula that could not be repaired directly. Additionally, postoperative anastomotic leakage occurred and recovered through conservative treatment. Moreover, airway collapse combined with dyspnea occurred after removal of the pneumonectomy cannula, followed by the placement of permanent silicone stent.

Conclusions

Tracheal resection anastomosis and lateral approach repair are both effective in curing TEF associated with mechanical ventilation. In the meantime, bypass surgery is suitable for patients with large fistulas that cannot be repaired directly.

表1 外科修复的机械通气相关气管食管瘘患者基本资料
图1 伴有气管节段性切除再吻合模式修复气管食管瘘。Aa:显露气管食管瘘区域;Ab:节段性切除气管,修补食管瘘口;Ac:端端吻合气管;Ad:气管食管之间间置带蒂肌瓣;Ba:术中显露狭窄段气管及瘘口位置;Bb:气管节段性切除后,显露食管前壁瘘口;Bc:间断缝合食管瘘口;Bd:气管端端吻合
图2 不伴有气管节段性切除再侧入路修复气管食管瘘。Aa:游离显露气管食管瘘瘘管;Ab:离断瘘管分别修复气管食管瘘口;Ba:游离食管并上下套带牵拉,显露气管与食管之间的瘘管;Bb:使用直线切割闭合器离断瘘管;Bc:离断瘘管后显露气管食管恢复其完整性;Bd:气管食管之间间置胸骨舌骨肌
图3 旁路手术治疗气管食管瘘
表2 16例机械通气相关气管食管瘘外科修复治疗结果
图4 机械通气相关气管食管瘘形成的机制
图5 机械通气相关气管食管瘘形成的机制
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