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中华胸部外科电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (04) : 199 -208. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8773.2025.04.02

论著

复合式冷热消融肺结节手术气胸发生情况的临床分析
孟漱石1, 王帅1, 杨影顺1, 胡立宝2, 黄宇清1,()   
  1. 1100080 北京,北京市海淀医院胸外科
    2100044 北京,北京大学人民医院胸外科
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-12 修回日期:2025-10-21 接受日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2025-11-28
  • 通信作者: 黄宇清

Clinical analysis of pneumothorax occurrence in co-ablation system therapy for pulmonary nodules

Shushi Meng1, Shuai Wang1, Yingshun Yang1, Libao Hu2, Yuqing Huang1,()   

  1. 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Haidian Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 100080, China
    2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2025-09-12 Revised:2025-10-21 Accepted:2025-11-10 Published:2025-11-28
  • Corresponding author: Yuqing Huang
引用本文:

孟漱石, 王帅, 杨影顺, 胡立宝, 黄宇清. 复合式冷热消融肺结节手术气胸发生情况的临床分析[J/OL]. 中华胸部外科电子杂志, 2025, 12(04): 199-208.

Shushi Meng, Shuai Wang, Yingshun Yang, Libao Hu, Yuqing Huang. Clinical analysis of pneumothorax occurrence in co-ablation system therapy for pulmonary nodules[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Thoracic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 12(04): 199-208.

目的

调查复合式冷热消融肺结节手术中气胸的发生情况及影响因素,为优化临床诊疗流程、提高治疗安全性提供参考。

方法

回顾性分析2024年10月至2025年3月于北京市海淀医院胸外科接受复合式冷热消融术的105例肺结节患者的临床资料。收集患者一般信息、肺结节特征、手术操作参数及气胸发生情况(包括发生率、严重程度、时间节点、处理方式等)。定量资料组间比较采用独立样本t检验,定性资料组间比较采用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验,采用二元logistic回归对是否发生气胸进行多因素分析。双侧检验P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

结果

105例患者中,58例(55.2%)发生气胸,共记录60人次。其中轻度26次(43.3%)、中度13次(21.7%)、重度20次(33.3%)、张力性气胸1次(1.7%)。气胸发生时间以术中(31人次,51.7%)和术后24 h内(27人次,45.0%)为主,延迟性气胸2人次(3.3%)。42人次(70.0%)需细管闭式引流,平均带管时间(4.4±2.5)天。单因素分析显示,既往有同侧胸腔操作史(P=0.018)、左肺下叶结节(P=0.041)、结节深面距胸膜较深(P=0.037)及皮肤穿刺点到胸膜路径较短(P=0.002)的患者的气胸发生率更低,而年龄、性别、吸烟史、抗肿瘤药物使用史、胸腔放疗史、肺结节尺寸和类型以及消融体位、消融针数量等因素与气胸发生与否无显著关联。男性气胸患者的严重程度高于女性(P=0.001)。

结论

同侧胸腔操作史、左肺下叶结节、结节距胸膜较深及从皮肤穿刺点到达壁层胸膜的穿刺路径较短可能是气胸发生的保护因素;单个肺结节冷热消融发生气胸以后,男性患者的严重程度更高。

Objective

To investigate the occurrence and influencing factors of pneumothorax in co-ablation system therapy for pulmonary nodules, and to provide references for optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment processes and improving treatment safety.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 105 patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent co-ablation system therapy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Haidian Hospital of Beijing from October 2024 to March 2025. General patient information, characteristics of pulmonary nodules, surgical operation parameters, and pneumothorax occurrence (including incidence, severity, time of occurrence, and treatment methods) were collected. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison of quantitative data between groups, and chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for qualitative data. Binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis of pneumothorax occurrence. A two-tailed P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Among the 105 patients, 58 cases (55.2%) developed pneumothorax, with a total of 60 episodes recorded. Specifically, there were 26 mild cases (43.3%), 13 moderate cases (21.7%), 20 severe cases (33.3%), and 1 tension pneumothorax case (1.7%). The majority of pneumothorax occurred intraoperatively (31 episodes, 51.7%) and within 24 hours after surgery (27 episodes, 45.0%), with 2 episodes of delayed pneumothorax (3.3%). Forty-two episodes (70.0%) required thin-tube closed drainage, with an average indwelling time of (4.4±2.5) days. Univariate analysis showed that patients with a history of ipsilateral thoracic surgery (P=0.018), nodules in the left lower lobe (P=0.041), deeper distance from the deep surface of nodules to the pleura (P=0.037), and shorter puncture path (P=0.002) had a lower incidence of pneumothorax. However, factors such as age, gender, smoking history, history of anti-tumor drug use, history of thoracic radiotherapy, size and type of pulmonary nodules, ablation position, and number of ablation needles were not significantly associated with pneumothorax occurrence. The severity of pneumothorax in male patients was higher than that in female patients (P=0.001) .

Conclusions

A history of ipsilateral thoracic surgery, nodules in the left lower lobe, deeper distance from nodules to the pleura, and shorter puncture path from the skin puncture point to the parietal pleura may be protective factors against pneumothorax. After pneumothorax occurs in co-ablation system therapy for a single pulmonary nodule, male patients have a higher severity.

表1 105名研究对象的基本资料
图1 复合式冷热消融肺结节围手术期发生气胸示例。A:67岁男性,左肺上叶冷热消融术中出现气胸,置入细管引流,红色箭头为引流细管,黑色箭头为消融针;B:33岁女性,左肺上叶冷热消融术后第1天胸部X线片提示气胸;C:77岁男性,右肺上叶消融术后第1天胸部X线片提示液气胸;D:60岁男性右肺中叶消融术后第6天复查胸部X线片提示延迟性气胸
表2 肺结节冷热消融术的气胸发生情况
表3 94例单个肺结节冷热消融术发生气胸的影响因素分析
参数 无气胸(n=42) 气胸(n=52) P
性别     0.776
19(46.3) 22(53.7)  
23(43.4) 30(56.6)  
年龄(岁) 67.0(58.8,74.3) 67.5(52.3,75.5) 0.509
BMI(kg/m2 23.4(21.5,27.0) 23.5(20.8,25.8) 0.285
吸烟     0.119
28(40.0) 42(60.0)  
14(58.3) 10(41.7)  
同侧胸腔操作史     0.018
30(39.0) 47(61.0)  
12(70.6) 5(29.4)  
抗肿瘤药物史     0.449
33(42.9) 44(57.1)  
9(52.9) 8(47.1)  
胸腔放疗史     0.653
39(43.8) 50(56.2)  
3(60.0) 2(40.0)  
肺气肿     0.748
35(45.5) 42(54.5)  
7(41.2) 10(58.8)  
肺大疱     >0.999
38(45.2) 46(54.8)  
4(40.0) 6(60.0)  
结节所处肺叶     0.041
右上叶 6(26.1) 17(73.9)  
右中叶 4(44.4) 5(55.6)  
右下叶 7(58.3) 5(41.7)  
左上叶 8(33.3) 16(66.7)  
左下叶 17(65.4) 9(34.6)  
结节密度类型     0.316
0 15(44.1) 19(55.9)  
1 2(18.2) 9(81.8)  
2 4(40.0) 6(60.0)  
3 6(60.0) 4(40.0)  
4 15(51.7) 14(48.3)  
结节肺窗长径(mm) 14.4(9.6,18.3) 13.7(10.2,18.7) 0.543
结节肺窗短径(mm) 7.2(9.1,15.0) 8.7(7.1,13.8) 0.228
结节浅面距离胸膜的深度(mm) 6.5(2.3,19.4) 5.9(0,10.6) 0.128
结节深面距离胸膜的深度(mm) 21.1(15.3,32.7) 17.4(11.9,25.9) 0.037
距叶间裂≤3 cm     0.478
15(50.0) 15(50.0)  
27(42.2) 37(57.8)  
支气管周围结节     0.375
28(41.8) 39(58.2)  
14(51.9) 13(48.1)  
消融体位     0.816
仰卧 14(46.7) 16(53.3)  
俯卧 22(45.8) 26(54.2)  
侧卧 6(37.5) 10(62.5)  
消融针数     >0.999
1 9(45.0) 11(55.0)  
2 32(45.1) 39(54.9)  
3 1(33.3) 2(66.7)  
表4 气胸影响因素的二元logistic回归分析
表5 71例单个肺结节2针冷热消融术发生气胸的影响因素分析
表6 不同性别气胸患者的严重程度
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