切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华胸部外科电子杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (01) : 23 -28. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8773.2022.01.03

论著

胸外专科重症监护室过渡性护理对减少食管癌术后肺部感染的作用
吕宝华1, 米芳1, 吕雪珍1, 邱美蓉1, 刘敏1, 郑巧芬1, 卓龙彩1,()   
  1. 1. 361000 厦门,中国人民解放军陆军第七十三集团军医院胸外科
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-25 修回日期:2021-11-13 接受日期:2021-11-26 出版日期:2022-02-28
  • 通信作者: 卓龙彩

Effect of transitional nursing on reducing postoperative pulmonary infection of esophageal cancer in thoracic surgery intensive care unit

Baohua Lü1, Fang Mi1, Xuezhen Lü1, Meirong Qiu1, Min Liu1, Qiaofen Zheng1, Longcai Zhuo1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, 73rd Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xiamen 361000, China
  • Received:2021-09-25 Revised:2021-11-13 Accepted:2021-11-26 Published:2022-02-28
  • Corresponding author: Longcai Zhuo
引用本文:

吕宝华, 米芳, 吕雪珍, 邱美蓉, 刘敏, 郑巧芬, 卓龙彩. 胸外专科重症监护室过渡性护理对减少食管癌术后肺部感染的作用[J/OL]. 中华胸部外科电子杂志, 2022, 09(01): 23-28.

Baohua Lü, Fang Mi, Xuezhen Lü, Meirong Qiu, Min Liu, Qiaofen Zheng, Longcai Zhuo. Effect of transitional nursing on reducing postoperative pulmonary infection of esophageal cancer in thoracic surgery intensive care unit[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Thoracic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2022, 09(01): 23-28.

目的

回顾性分析食管癌术后胸外科专科重症监护室(ICU)过渡性护理对减少术后肺部感染的作用。

方法

根据食管癌术后患者是否进入胸外专科ICU接受过渡性护理,分为试验组和对照组。试验组术后转入胸外专科ICU观察治疗2~3 d再转回普通病房,在ICU期间除常规的食管癌术后护理外,重点加强气道管理。让患者转出ICU时能有效自主咳嗽、咳痰,呼吸道无痰储留,能自主或在陪护协助下下地活动。对照组则按食管癌术后护理常规护理。

结果

试验组和对照组在年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟指数、高血压史、糖尿病史、哮喘病史、第1秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC)的实测值与预计值比值、最大自主通气量占预测值百分比(MVV%)、食管肿瘤部位、手术术式、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级、手术时间、术中出血量、术后呼吸机辅助呼吸、术后肿瘤TNM分期等可能影响肺部感染发生率的因素差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。试验组术后经鼻/口吸痰管吸痰率高于对照组(66.67% vs 16.67%,P<0.001)。术后肺部感染发生率低于对照组(7.02% vs 27.08%,P<0.001)。术后住院时间少于对照组(13.75±2.21 d vs 16.40±2.79 d,P<0.001)。

结论

食管癌术后患者予胸外专科ICU过渡性护理,强化气道管理,可以有效降低肺部感染的发生率,有利于患者康复,减少术后住院时间。

Objective

To retrospectively analyze the effect of transitional nursing on reducing postoperative pulmonary infection after esophageal cancer operation in thoracic surgery intensive care unit (ICU) .

Methods

Patients with esophageal cancer were divided into experimental group and control group according to whether they entered the thoracic surgery ICU for transitional care after operation. The experimental group was transferred to the thoracic surgery ICU for observation and treatment for 2-3 days, and then returned to the general ward. During the ICU period, in addition to the routine postoperative care of esophageal cancer, it focused on strengthening airway management. When patients were transferred out of ICU, they could effectively cough and expectorate independently, had no sputum storage in the respiratory tract, and could walk independently or with the assistance. The control group received routine nursing according to the postoperative care of esophageal cancer.

Results

The age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking index, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, history of asthma, ratio of first second of expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) to the predicted value, maximum voluntary ventilation percentage (MVV%), location of esophageal tumor, operative method, American Standards Association (ASA) grade, operative time, ventilator-assisted breathing, bleeding during operation and postoperative tumor TNM staging were compared between the experimental group and the control group. There was no significant difference in the factors that may affect the incidence of pulmonary infection (P>0.05). The rate of postoperative sputum suction through nasal or oral with sputum suction tube in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (66.67% vs 16.67%, P<0.001). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection was lower than that in control group (7.02% vs 27.08%, P<0.001). The postoperative hospital stay was shorter than that in the control group (13.75±2.21 days vs 16.40±2.79 days, P<0.001) .

Conclusion

After esophageal cancer surgery, transitional nursing in thoracic surgery ICU and strengthening airway management can effectively reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection, which is advantageous to the recovery and can reduce postoperative hospital stay.

表1 两组病例各指标对比
指标 试验组(n=57) 对照组(n=48) t/χ2 P
年龄(岁) 59.35±8.23 57.65±7.09 1.126 0.263
性别     0.039 0.844
  43 37    
  14 11    
BMI(kg/m2 19.44±4.70 19.77±5.48 -0.334 0.739
吸烟指数 250.88±273.45 345.83±265.14 -1.797 0.075
高血压史[%(例)] 50.88(29) 39.58(19) 1.339 0.247
糖尿病史[%(例)] 21.05(12) 14.58(7) 0.736 0.391
哮喘病史[%(例)] 5.26(3) 2.08(1) 0.719 0.396
FEV1/FVC(实测值/预计值)(%) 84.51±6.60 86.48±4.14 -1.754 0.082
MVV%(实测值/预计值)(%) 84.53±7.35 86.60±4.31 -1.553 0.123
食管肿瘤部位[%(例)]     0.561 0.755
  胸上段 14.04(8) 12.50(6)    
  胸中段 47.37(27) 41.67(20)    
  胸下段 38.60(22) 45.83(22)    
手术术式[%(例)]     0.870 0.351
  胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术(颈部吻合) 66.67(38) 75.00(36)    
  胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术(胸内吻合) 33.33(19) 25.00(12)    
ASA分级[%(例)]     0.395 0.529
  1级 89.47(51) 85.42(41)    
  2级 10.53%(6) 14.58(7)    
  3~5级 0 0    
手术时间(min) 263.37±38.31 256.50±33.05 0.974 0.332
术中出血量(mL) 145.44±68.61 133.96±65.74 0.871 0.386
术后经鼻/口吸痰管吸痰[%(例)] 66.67(38) 16.67(8) 26.463 0.000
术后呼吸机辅助呼吸[%(例)] 3.51(2) 8.33(4) 1.126 0.289
术后TNM分期[%(例)]     0.096 0.999
  IA期 0 0    
  IB期 21.05(12) 22.92(11)    
  IIA期 24.56(14) 25.00(12)    
  IIB期 24.56(14) 22.92(11)    
  IIIA期 22.81(13) 22.92(11)    
  IIIB期 7.02(4) 6.25(3)    
术后肺部感染[%(例)] 7.02(4) 27.08(13) 14.619 <0.001
术后住院时间(d) 13.75±2.21 16.40±2.79 -5.409 <0.001
1
Mboumi IW, Reddy S, Lidor AO.Complications After Esophagectomy[J].Surg Clin North Am201999(3): 501-510.
2
Tanaka K, Yamasaki M, Kobayashi T,et al.Postoperative pneumonia in the acute phase is an important prognostic factor in patients with esophageal cancer[J].Surgery2021170(2): 469-477.
3
Tamagawa A, Aoyama T, Tamagawa H,et al.Influence of Postoperative Pneumonia on Esophageal Cancer Survival and Recurrence[J].Anticancer Res201939(5): 2671-2678.
4
党新臣,钱河,赵宝生. 食管癌患者术后肺部感染危险因素分析[J].新乡医学院学报202037(10): 950-954.
5
魏巧妙,魏娜沙,张荣强,等.食管癌术后并发肺部感染的危险因素分析[J].临床医学研究与实践20216(4): 34-36.
6
郑晓东,张卫民,侯建彬,等.电视胸腔镜食管癌切除术围术期并发症分析及预防[J].中国微创外科杂志201919(6): 526-530.
7
中华结核与呼吸杂志编委会.医院内获得性支气管-肺感染诊断标准[J].中华结核与呼吸杂志199013(6): 372-373.
8
Löfgren A, Åkesson O, Johansson J,et al.Hospital costs and health-related quality of life from complications after esophagectomy[J].Eur J Surg Oncol202147(5): 1042-1047.
9
Sato H, Miyawaki Y, Lee S,et al.Effectiveness and safety of a newly introduced multidisciplinary perioperative enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for thoracic esophageal cancer surgery.Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg202270(2): 170-177.
10
Tang Z, Lu M, Qu C,et al.Enhanced recovery after surgery improves short-term outcomes in patients undergoing esophagectomy[J/OL].Ann Thorac Surg2021,[Epub ahead of print].doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.08.073.
11
Murakami K, Yoshida M, Uesato M,et al.[J].Esophagus202118(4): 724-733.
12
BUßMEYER F, Kneifel F, Eichelmann AK,et al.Effects of therapy modifications during the last decade on the outcome of patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer[J].Minerva Surg202176(3): 235-244.
13
Wei ZD, Zhang HL, Yang YS,et al.Effectiveness of Transthoracic Hybrid Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: A Meta-Analysis[J].J Invest Surg202134(9): 963-973.
14
Maruyama S, Okamura A, Ishizuka N,et al.Airflow Limitation Predicts Postoperative Pneumonia after Esophagectomy[J].World J Surg202145(8): 2492-2500.
15
Soutome S, Hasegawa T, Yamguchi T,et al.Prevention of postoperative pneumonia by perioperative oral care in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing surgery: a multicenter retrospective study of 775 patients[J].Support Care Cancer202028(9): 4155-4162.
16
Lai G, Guo N, Jiang Y,et al.Duration of one-lung ventilation as a risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications after McKeown esophagectomy[J].Tumori2020106(1): 47-54.
[1] 郭小琦, 张璞, 李小军, 余明, 王博. 口服醋酸泼尼松联合局部注射曲安奈德对食管早癌ESD术后食管狭窄及肺部感染的预防疗效分析[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(02): 288-291.
[2] 陶金华, 陈珊珊, 陈晓四. 阿帕替尼联合替吉奥治疗晚期食管癌的疗效与安全性影响因素评价[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(04): 325-329.
[3] 段伟, 刘飞, 许光源, 程宇豪, 陈星. 食管癌调强放疗计划剂量学参数差异对放射性肺炎发生及严重程度的影响[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(04): 320-324.
[4] 高建平, 王辉, 王淑萍. 定期家庭随访对胸腔镜食管癌术后饮食恢复功能的影响[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(02): 188-192.
[5] 单秋洁, 孙立柱, 徐宜全, 王之霞, 徐妍, 马浩, 刘田田. 中老年食管癌患者调强放射治疗期间放射性肺损伤风险模型构建及应用[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(06): 388-393.
[6] 侯超, 潘美辰, 吴文明, 黄兴广, 李翔, 程凌雪, 朱玉轩, 李文波. 早期食管癌及上皮内瘤变内镜黏膜下剥离术后食管狭窄的危险因素[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(06): 383-387.
[7] 苏鹏, 吕会来, 温士旺, 黄超, 张缜, 田子强. 全腔镜下食管癌根治术围手术期呼吸系统并发症发生的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(05): 294-298.
[8] 郭震天, 张宗明, 赵月, 刘立民, 张翀, 刘卓, 齐晖, 田坤. 机器学习算法预测老年急性胆囊炎术后住院时间探索[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(09): 955-961.
[9] 陈柯豫, 黄艳齐, 张玲利. 同时性多发早期食管癌及高级别上皮内瘤变的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 524-528.
[10] 王超, 王浩, 孙柏, 袁野, 羌伟光, 石红兵. 卡非佐米联合碘-125粒子照射促进人食管癌细胞KYSE-150凋亡的机制研究[J/OL]. 中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2024, 12(02): 106-113.
[11] 高鹏强, 林军鹏, 王佩元, 林辉, 周航, 魏文巍, 柳硕岩, 王枫. 胸段食管鳞状细胞癌中锁骨上淋巴结转移对预后的影响:一项大型回顾性研究[J/OL]. 中华胸部外科电子杂志, 2024, 11(04): 211-218.
[12] 李春光, 杨洋, 李斌, 华荣, 李志刚. 完全腹腔镜下管状胃制作技术在食管癌McKeown手术中的应用[J/OL]. 中华胸部外科电子杂志, 2024, 11(04): 219-224.
[13] 刘石健骢, 甘向峰, 吕良湛, 曹庆东. 机器人辅助充气式纵隔镜联合腹腔镜食管癌切除术初步探索[J/OL]. 中华胸部外科电子杂志, 2024, 11(02): 104-108.
[14] 卢琪珏, 李斌, 杨超, 华荣, 李春光, 李志刚. 改良Grillo气管重建术在颈段食管癌挽救性食管切除术中的应用[J/OL]. 中华胸部外科电子杂志, 2024, 11(02): 91-95.
[15] 黄志宁, 王高祥, 崔世军, 柳常青, 孙效辉, 徐美青, 解明然. 术前纤维蛋白原与前白蛋白比值对可切除食管鳞癌患者预后的影响[J/OL]. 中华胸部外科电子杂志, 2024, 11(01): 23-30.
阅读次数
全文


摘要