胸腺瘤是前纵隔最常见的肿瘤类型。胸膜是胸腺瘤转移的热点区域，被称为“host site”；胸膜腔种植转移是胸腺瘤特殊的转移方式。胸腺瘤胸膜转移可能已经存在于初诊阶段，代表M1a期胸腺瘤；或者在治疗后随访期间出现，代表胸膜复发（TPR）。手术是胸膜播散或TPR胸腺瘤患者的重要治疗方式，目前手术入路，手术方式尚未形成统一意见。单纯手术难以实现胸膜播散或TPR胸腺瘤真正意义的完整切除，胸腔热灌注化疗（HITOC）是有效的补充治疗手段，但是国际上对于HITOC的方案选择，条件设置仍处于探索阶段；既往研究主要是小样本、回顾性和非对照研究，混杂因素较多，临床治疗经验有限。本文总结分析胸膜播散或TPR胸腺瘤的诊断及手术联合HITOC的治疗进展，为选择合理治疗方式，制定个体化治疗策略提供理论基础。

Thymoma is the most common pathological type of tumor in the anterior mediastinum.The pleura is the hotspot for thymoma metastasis，known as the “host site”，and pleural implantation metastasis is a special mode of thymoma metastasis.Pleural metastasis of thymoma may already exist in the initial diagnosis，representing stage M1a thymoma； or it may occur during the follow-up period after treatment，indicating pleural recurrence.Surgery is an important treatment for thymoma with pleural dissemination or pleural recurrence.Currently，there is no international expert consensus on the approach，method selection，and other aspects of surgical resection of thymoma.Surgery alone is diきcult to achieve complete resection of thymoma with pleural dissemination or pleural recurrence.Thoracic hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy is an effective supplementary treatment method.However，the selection and condition settings for thoracic hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy are still in the exploratory period.Previous studies were mainly small-size，retrospective，and uncontrolled studies，with many confounding factors and limited clinical experience.This article summarizes and analyzes the diagnosis of thymoma with pleural dissemination or pleural recurrence and treatment progress of the combination of surgery and thoracic hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy，providing a theoretical basis for reasonable treatment selection and developing personalized treatment strategies.