肺癌外科手术的成功在很大程度上依赖于对复杂肺部解剖结构的精确辨识与手术切缘的准确界定。虚拟现实（VR）技术通过构建沉浸式、多感官、可交互的虚拟仿真环境，为解决上述关键问题提供了新技术手段。在术前规划阶段，VR技术通过高精度三维重建实现病灶的无创精准定位，并支持个体化手术模拟，从而优化手术方案；在术中导航过程中，VR与增强现实（AR）或混合现实（MR）技术的融合，可将虚拟场景叠加于真实的手术术野中，为肺叶或肺段切除以及淋巴结清扫等操作提供实时的空间引导，可显著提升手术的精准度与安全性；在医学教育与培训领域，VR模拟器通过构建高度仿真的手术场景并结合即时反馈机制，为医生提供了无风险、可重复的操作训练平台，从而有效缩短了学习曲线；此外，作为一种非药物干预方式，VR技术在缓解患者围手术期焦虑与疼痛方面亦展现出积极的效果。本综述系统探讨了VR技术在肺癌外科领域的具体应用及研究进展，旨在为相关临床实践与研究提供参考。

The success of lung cancer surgery critically depends on the precise identification of complex pulmonary anatomy and the accurate definition of surgical margins. Virtual reality (VR) technology offers a novel technical approach to addressing these key issues by creating immersive, multisensory and interactive virtual simulation environments. In the preoperative planning phase, VR technology enables non-invasive and precise lesion localization through high-fidelity 3D reconstruction and supports individualized surgical simulation, thereby optimizing surgical strategies. During intraoperative navigation, the integration of VR with augmented reality (AR) or mixed reality (MR) technologies allows for the superimposition of virtual scenes onto the real surgical field. This provides real-time spatial guidance for procedures such as lobectomy or segmentectomy and lymphadenectomy, significantly enhancing surgical precision and safety. In the realm of medical education and training, VR simulators create highly realistic surgical scenarios coupled with immediate feedback mechanisms, offering physicians a risk-free, repeatable training platform that effectively shortens the learning curve. Furthermore, as a non-pharmacological intervention, VR technology has also demonstrated positive effects in alleviating perioperative anxiety and pain in patients. This review systematically examines the specific applications and research progress of VR technology in the field of lung cancer surgery, aiming to provide references for related clinical practices and future research.