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Chinese Journal of Thoracic Surgery(Electronic Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (01): 36-48. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8773.2026.01.04

• Original Article • Previous Articles    

Analysis of the correlation between changes in body composition and perioperative outcomes in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy

Fei Lu, Langlang Deng, Jiangjiang Liu, Yu Zhang, Wei Feng, Haitao Ma()   

  1. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Suchow University, Suzhou 215000, China
  • Received:2026-01-09 Revised:2026-02-05 Accepted:2026-02-11 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-03-23
  • Contact: Haitao Ma

Abstract:

Objective

To explore the associations between changes in skeletal muscle index (SMI) and subcutaneous adipose index (SAI) during neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and treatment response, treatment-related adverse events, and perioperative outcomes in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

This retrospective study included 109 patients with locally advanced ESCC who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy followed by radical surgery between January 2020 and January 2025 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Suchow University and The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Suchow University. SMI and SAI were measured on abdominal computed tomography (CT) images at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level before and after neoadjuvant treatment. Percentage changes (ΔSMI% and ΔSAI%) were calculated, and patients were stratified according to body composition changes. Radiological response, pathological tumor regression grade (TRG), treatment-related adverse events, and perioperative outcomes were compared among groups.

Results

Baseline clinical characteristics were comparable across different ΔSMI% and ΔSAI% groups. No significant associations were observed between changes in SMI or SAI and radiological response or TRG. Patients with decreased SMI experienced a significantly higher incidence and severity of leukopenia. Regarding perioperative outcomes, the group with decreased SMI had a significantly longer postoperative hospital stay and a higher incidence of pleural effusion and pneumonia. Although the overall complication rate tended to be higher in this group, the difference did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, changes in SAI were not significantly associated with perioperative outcomes or complication rates.

Conclusions

Dynamic changes in SMI during neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy are closely associated with perioperative recovery and postoperative complications in patients with locally advanced ESCC, whereas their correlation with radiological and pathological response is limited. Changes in SAI show limited predictive value for perioperative outcomes. Monitoring skeletal muscle dynamics during neoadjuvant treatment may aid in preoperative risk stratification and optimization of perioperative management.

Key words: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Neoadjuvant immunotherapy, Skeletal muscle index, Subcutaneous adipose index, Perioperative complications

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