To display the anatomy of swine lung lobes, especially the characteristics of bronchus, pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins of each lung lobe, in order to provide reference for animal experiments of lobectomy.

The heart and lung organs of an adult pig were extracted to observe the structure of the lung lobes. Further, the lung of the pig was dissected at the level of lung lobes to observe the anatomical characteristics of the bronchus, pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins.

Swine lungs are divided into left and right lungs. The left lung has 3 lobes, namely apical lobe, cardial lobe and diaphragmatic lobe, in which the left apical lobe and left cardial lobe are fused. The right lung has 4 lobes, namely apical lobe, cardial lobe, diaphragmatic lobe and accessory lobe. Each lobe has independent bronchus, pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein. The left apical lobe and left cardial lobe bronchus are co-stem, which is similar to the human left upper lobe bronchus. Two pulmonary arteries branch into the left apical lobe, and only one pulmonary artery branch into the left diaphragmatic lobe and each lobe of the right lung. There are two pulmonary veins in the right accessory lobe. One of the accessory pulmonary veins joins at the root of the pulmonary veins in the diaphragmatic lobe and enters the pericardium, while any of other pulmonary lobes has only one pulmonary vein.

The anatomical characteristics of bronchus, pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins of swine lung are similar to those of human lung, and can be used as an animal model for lobectomy. Familiarity with the anatomy of swine lung is helpful to carry out relevant experiments and studies.

To investigate the current status of research on thymoma-related literature in both Chinese and English through bibliometric methods and to explore the trends, hotspots, and future research directions of thymoma research at home and abroad.

A literature search was conducted on Web of Science and China Knowledge Network (CNKI) databases using the keyword "thymoma" as the subject. The search was conducted from the establishment of the database to April 3, 2022, and included published literature related to thymoma. VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.1 software were used to cluster authors, institutions, and keywords. Social network and temporal analysis were conducted to visualize the literature.

A total of 9 314 English and 5 423 Chinese documents were included. The results showed that the annual publication of both English and Chinese literature related to thymoma increased gradually over time, with a faster growth rate in Chinese literature. Thymoma research was primarily concentrated in Europe, America, Japan, and South Korea, with China's thymoma research starting later and lacking cooperation with other countries. Keyword analysis revealed that thymoma research focused mainly on clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, complications, and surgery. Both Chinese and English literature showed a significant increase in the number of keywords related to comprehensive treatment, such as surgical techniques, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, in recent years, which may indicate future research trends and hotspots.

Thymoma research in China started later than in other countries, but the research direction and field are similar to those in developed countries such as Europe and America. Compared with foreign literature, there are fewer basic research studies on thymoma in Chinese literature. In recent years, both domestic and foreign research trends have focused on comprehensive treatment, mainly surgical treatment, of thymoma.

To retrospectively analyze the patients who underwent uniportal thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy using double-stapling vs traditional technique at Anning First People's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology. Compare the differences between the double-stapling technique and traditional technique in the application of uniportal thoracoscopic right upper lobe resection, summarize the key points of the double-stapling surgical technique, and explore the surgical results and promotional value.

Forty-nine patients from July 2021 to May 2023 were consecutively enrolled at Anning First People's Hospital. A total of 22 patients underwent uniportal thoracoscopic two-stapler resection of the right upper lobe. A total of 27 patients underwent uniportal thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy using traditional methods. The outcome measures were operative time, intraoperative bleeding, drainage tube duration and postoperative hospital stay.

For the double-stapling technique group, 22 patients (16 males, 6 females) were enrolled. The median age was (58.00±9.38) years old. There were no cases converted to thoracotomy. The mean operative duration was (84.86±15.81) min, the mean intraoperative blood loss was (73.86±21.98) mL, the mean drainage tube duration was 2.00 (1.00, 2.00) days, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.00 (4.75, 6.00) days. For the traditional technique group, 27 patients (13 males, 14 females) were enrolled. The median age was (58.46±8.63) years old. The mean operative duration was (93.55±13.43) min, the mean intraoperative blood loss was (85.34±20.22) mL, the mean drainage tube duration was 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) days, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.00 (4.50, 6.00) days. The shorter surgical operative time for the double-stapling technique was statistically significant (P<0.05) .

Compared to traditional techniques, uniportal thoracoscopic double-stapling technique for right upper lobectomy has a shorter operative time while also achieving a curative effect. The operative process is simple, easy to perform, safe, reliable, and benefits patients while reducing their economic burden.

To explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy of Complete Thoracoscopic surgical stabilization of rib fractures (CTSSRF) in patients with rib fracture.

The CTSSRF cases admitted to The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang from September 2019 to September 2021 were retrospectively collected, and the patients’operative time, thoracic drainage, pain score, internal fixation displacement and satisfaction degree of fracture reduction were analyzed for an initial analysis of the feasibility of operation and clinical effect.

A total of 18 cases of CTSSRF were completed, and the posterior rib fracture near the covering area of the scapula was all fixed under CTSSRF, including 1 case of CTSSRF and 17 cases of CTSSRF combined with conventional open surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) at other parts. A total of 45 rib fractures were fixed under CTSSRF (mean 2.5 ribs/person) and 77 ribs were fixed under conventional open SSRF (mean 4.3 ribs/person). The average operation time was 90 (50–150) min, and the thoracic drainage tube was removed 2–5 days after surgery. The thoracic drainage volume was (530.33±244.84) mL. The postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 3 (3.0–4.0), which was significantly lower than preoperative score of 7 (6.75–8.0), the difference was statistically significant (Z=1.886, P=0.002). The postoperative internal fixation displacement rate of CTSSRF is 4.44% (2/45), and the poor fixation reduction rate is 26.67% (12/45). All patients had no obvious thoracic malformations after surgery, and the incision healed well. They were followed up by telephone for 12 to 24 months. And the ability to work was recovered half a year after surgery, with no obvious symptoms of chest discomfort, and no obvious discomfort when the temperature changed and the body surface was touched, and no internal fixation was removed due to discomfort after surgery.

CTSSRF is safe and feasible, especially suitable for high posterior rib fracture near the scapula covering area. It is a beneficial supplement to traditional surgery. However, there are still some defects such as surgical difficulties, high incidence of displacement of internal fixation and poor fracture position, extensive pleural injury, and a large amount of postoperative pleural effusion, which still need to be further summarized and discussed.

To access the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surgery of modified Nuss technique without being turned over for the treatment of adult recurrent pectus excavatum.

From July 2008 to September 2021, 48 adult recurrent pectus excavatum cases were treated with minimally invasive surgery of modified Nuss technique without being turned over in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, among which 22 cases were performed previously by Ravitch procedure, 23 cases were Nuss procedure, 2 cases were Ravitch combined with Nuss procedure, 1 case was uncertain respectively.

All 48 cases were performed by minimally invasive surgery of modified Nuss technique without being turned over successfully. The average postoperative hospital stays were 5.58 days. The Hallex index was improved. The complications were mild. The patients were all satisfied with their chest appearance after the operation.

Minimally invasive surgery of modified Nuss technique without being turned over is effective and safe, which will be a surgical choice for the treatment of adult recurrent pectus excavatum in the future.

Cluster intervention is a structured approach to improving medical quality and improving patient outcomes. This article aims to explore the role of cluster intervention primarily focused on cough suppression therapy in postoperative intractable cough (PIC) of lung cancer patients.

A total of 222 patients with right lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer in The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from February 2020 to August 2021 were included in this study. A total of 108 patients (study group) adopted the concept of cluster intervention, mainly focused on cough suppression therapy during the perioperative period. From February to December 2020, 114 patients (control group) were treated as routine. The differences in cough symptoms and the incidence of PIC at different stages between the two groups in 3 months after surgery were statistically analyzed.

The results of one-way repeated measurement variance analysis showed that the postoperative cough symptom scores of patients between the two groups showed different trends with treatment time (F=5.288, P<0.05) . There is a significant difference in cough severity between the two groups of patients in 1 month and 3 months after surgery (χ²=8.755, 8.208, P<0.05) . The incidence of PIC (χ²=5.299, 6.361, 4.808, P<0.05) in the study group was significantly lower than those in the control group at 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after the operation.

Adopting cluster intervention measures mainly focused on cough suppression therapy can effectively improve PIC in lung cancer patients and improve their quality of life.

To investigate the effect of protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) on lymph node metastasis, migration, proliferation and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.

The non-small cell lung cancer expression matrix was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), including GSE7670, GSE32863 and GSE68465. Firstly, differential analysis was performed on the three datasets to obtain differentially expressed genes, which were then subjected to enrichment analysis. Secondly, the clinical and expression data of differentially expressed genes were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The data was used for weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to obtain the module most relevant to clinical characteristics including tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. Thirdly, the hub gene was obtained through analysis of the module genes using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interaction Genes/Proteins (STRING) and binary logistic regression analysis. Subsequently, the expression level of PRC1 in both mRNA and protein levels between lung adenocarcinoma and normal tissues was validated. After knocking down the expression of PRC1 in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line H1299, in vitro functional experiments were conducted to validate the impact of PRC1 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of lung adenocarcinoma cells. T-test was used to compare the difference of PRC1 expression between normal and tumor tissues, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors affecting tumor prognosis. Additionally, the downstream mechanism of PRC1 in regulating the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells was investigated.

The expression level of PRC1 was higher in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared to normal lung tissues, at both mRNA and protein levels, with statistical significance. The cells in the Si-PRC1 group were significantly lower than that in the control group in migration experiments (P<0.001), invasion experiments (P<0.001), and scratch experiments (P<0.001). The proliferation ability of Si-PRC1 group cells was significantly lower than that of the control group at 72 and 96 hours. Patients with high expression of PRC1 in lung adenocarcinoma had shorter overall survival (P=0.0014). The qPCR results showed that E-cadherin expression was significantly upregulated (P<0.001) in PRC1 knockdown cells, while N-cadherin and Vimentin expression were significantly downregulated (P<0.01). Western blot results showed that the activated phosphorylated MAPK signal was weakened in PRC1 knockout tumor cells.

PRC1 is associated with poor prognosis of LUAD patients and affects lymph node metastasis and tumor cells proliferation, migration and invasion. PRC1 is a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.

To systematically review the efficacy of urokinase in treatment of tuberculous encapsulated pleural effusion.

We electronically search PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, CBM, WanFang Data, VIP and CNKI to collect randomized controlled trials about urokinase in treatment of tuberculous encapsulated pleural effusion from the establishment dates to January 2023. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software.

A total of 25 RCTs involving 2 023 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: on the basis of conventional anti-tuberculosis and fluid drainage, combining with intrapleural injection of urokinase to treat tuberculous encapsulated pleural effusion has a better effect (OR=6.63, 95%CI 4.83~9.09), intrapleural injection of urokinase can significantly increase the total amount of pleural effusion drainage (WMD=605.43, 95%CI 477.39~733.46), significantly shorten the absorption time of pleural effusion (WMD=−7.87, 95%CI −9.60~−6.13), and significantly reduce the thickness of the residual pleura (WMD=−1.47, 95%CI −1.51~ −1.42) .

Current evidences indicates that Urokinase has a good therapeutic effect on tuberculous encapsulated pleural effusion. However, more high-quality studies with large sample size are needed to verify the conclusion.

In the 8th edition of TNM staging manual, clinical T invasive [cT (i) ] and pathological T invasive [pT (i) ] were proposed as clinical and pathological staging sizes in lung adenocarcinoma manifesting as part-solid nodules. There is no large-sample validation study of the T staging scheme of subsolid nodules in lung cancer population in China. This study aims to verify the clinical application values of the above proposed regimen.

Patients with part-solid nodules who underwent radical lung cancer resection in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled according to the clinical T total [cT (t) ], pathological T total [pT (t) ], cT (i), and pT (i). The disease-free survival (DFS) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation of different T staging manuals, and the predictive value of the four T staging systems on prognosis was compared by DeLong test.

A total of 624 patients with subsolid nodules were enrolled in this study, all of which were adenocarcinoma with an average cT (t) of (26.40±9.76) mm, cT (i) of (18.29±9.77) mm, pT (t) of (20.35± 8.19) mm, and pT (i) of (14.76±9.71 mm. After restaged according to pT (i), 187 (30%) patients were downstaged from the previous stages to pIA1 (i), and there was a statistically significant difference in DFS between patients who were downstaged or not in pTIB (t) (P=0.03, HR=0.18, 95%CI: 0.04~0.89). After restaged according to cT (i), 152 (24.4%) were downstaged from the previous stages to cIA1 (i), and there was no significant difference in DFS between the downstage and same stage patients. The median follow-up was 43 months (7 to 116 months). In the prognostic assessment of DFS, pT (i) had the best prognostic value with a C index of 0.644, and cT (i) had the worst prognostic value with a C index of 0.591. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed moderate-power correlation between pT (i) and cT (i) (R=0.529, P<0.001) .

In patients with part-solid nodules, the pT (i) is more predictive of disease-free survival than the pT (t). There is a moderate-power correlation between the cT (i) and the pT (i), but its predictive prognostic value is relatively low.

To explore the unique mechanism and provide clinical experience in the prevention and management of delayed pneumomediastinum occurring after sublobectomy and extubation of thoracic closed drainage tube.

Four clinical cases with delayed pneumomediastinum that occurred after sublobectomy, extubation and discharge from 2021 to 2022 at the Shaoxing People’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

High-risk lung incision involving segmental/subsegmental bronchi, which might cause extensive wedge resection and substandard segmentectomy, increase the incidence of postoperative delayed pneumomediastinum. Delayed pneumomediastinum were often induced by a sudden increase in alveolar pressure, with a typical manifestation of rapidly progressive mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema, and resulted in anxiety and fear in patients easily. Delayed pneumomediastinum generally does not require surgical intervention, and thoracic closed drainage is an effective treatment. For high-risk lung incision with high closure tension and possibly involving small bronchi, continuous back-and-forth suture reinforcement during the operation may prevent the occurrence of delayed pneumomediastinum.

Delayed pneumomediastinum after sublobectomy has its own unique mechanism, which may be related to the high-risk lung incision caused by extensive wedge resection and substandard segmentectomy. Intraoperative suture reinforcement of the above-mentioned high-risk lung incision might reduce or even prevent the occurrence of delayed pneumomediastinum.