Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality both in China and even in the world.Accurate diagnosis and treatment of this disease are crucial to improving the survival and quality of life of patients.Computed tomography （CT）-guided percutaneous lung puncture is an important method for the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases，but heavily relies on doctors' professional skills and surgical experience in practices.The robot-assisted percutaneous surgery system integrates a series of emerging technologies to improve the accuracy and safety of percutaneous lung puncture，reduce the difficulty of operation，and reduce the occurrence of complications through puncture path planning，respiratory movement monitoring，robot-assisted positioning，etc.This technology has been increasingly used in clinical scenarios，such as lung biopsy，ablation，and preoperative localization for thoracoscopic surgery.In order to standardize the operating procedures of CT-guided percutaneous lung puncture for diagnosis，treatment and localization with the robot-assisted percutaneous surgery system and to summarize key points，Guangdong Association of Thoracic Diseases organized experts from various fields （thoracic surgery，respiratory medicine，oncology，interventional therapy，etc.） to develop this expert consensus.

With the application of robot-assisted technology in esophageal surgery, the number of domestic centers carrying out robot-assisted esophagectomy in China has gradually increased, and the feasibility and safety of robot-assisted esophagectomy have also been confirmed by the continuously updated research. For the standard application and development of this surgical procedure, the Committee of Esophageal Cancer in China Anticancer Association has developed this expert consensus based on the "Chinese Clinical Expert Recommendations for Robot-assisted Esophagectomy (2019 edition) " in 2019, further combined with newly published literature from China and abroad, and the surgical treatment principles of esophageal cancer and standardized techniques for minimally invasive operation, so as to guide the standard application of robot-assisted technology in minimally invasive esophagectomy in China.

Esophageal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. At present, the main treatment regimen for resectable esophageal cancer is still surgery. Anastomotic leakage is a common complication after esophagectomy. Its clinical manifestations are extremely complex, ranging from asymptomatic to sepsis with multiple organ failure. The occurrence of anastomotic leakage will increase the 90-day mortality of patients and impose medical and financial burden to physicians and patients. The prevention of anastomotic leakage and the rational choice of treatment can benefit patients significantly. Currently, the clinical treatment of postoperative anastomotic leakage mainly includes conservative treatment, non-operative treatment and operative treatment. It is generally believed that the treatment should be chosen according to the characteristics of anastomotic leakage, but there is no consensus on which treatment benefits the patients most. Therefore, more clinical data are currently needed to prove the advantages of a certain treatment for definite indications, so as to assist the physicians to make the optimal choice.

Current telerehabilitation management after pulmonary surgery is still emerging and serves a limited patient population. There is currently no standard on how to ensure the scientific nature of remote management of pulmonary postoperative rehabilitation, especially in determining the management boundary. Therefore, the Shanghai Society of Thoracic Surgery worked to compile thoracic experts’ consensus on remote management of pulmonary postoperative rehabilitation by overviewing domestic and foreign guidelines and consensus, combined with national conditions and relevant regulations. Based on evidence-based medical evidence and multiple expert discussions, a preliminary consensus has been reached in six aspects: suitable scenarios for remote management after pneumonectomy, suitable population for remote management after pneumonectomy, data collection and evaluation in remote management after pneumonectomy, pulmonary function rehabilitation management mode, compliance and rehabilitation evaluation of remote management of patients after pneumonectomy and rehabilitation exercise program for patients after thoracic pneumonectomy, which will provide useful guidance for clinical work.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a prevalent malignant neoplasm, with surgical resection serving as its primary therapeutic modality. Following a pivotal randomized trial released by the North American Lung Cancer Study Group in 1995, which demonstrated a heightened local recurrence rate and diminished survival in T1N0 stage lung cancer patients undergoing segmentectomy compared to lobectomy, the latter has since been acknowledged as the established surgical approach for achieving curative outcomes in early-stage NSCLC. Nevertheless, during the latter part of the 20th century, segmentectomy, renowned for its optimization of lung function preservation, progressively gained traction in the landscape of lung cancer treatment. Furthermore, the exploration of thoracoscopic techniques and robot-assisted surgery has emerged as a focal point in research. Substantial advancements have been witnessed in the realm of surgical treatment for NSCLC in recent years. This article endeavors to expound upon the surgical section of the 2024 first edition of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for NSCLC, offering intricate elucidations pertaining to surgical indications, methodologies, lymph node dissection strategies, etc. Its overarching objective is to facilitate a nuanced comprehension among surgeons regarding the underlying principles and methodologies governing NSCLC surgical interventions.

The quality of clinical trials on esophageal cancer in Japan is very high, and its practice guidelines are unique in the world. In recent years, the clinical research of esophageal cancer in China has entered a new stage of development, and the number of clinical trials ranks among the top in the world. Some esophageal surgery experts in China discussed and reviewed the clinical issues related to surgery in the Japanese guidelines and voted on whether the relevant recommendations could be accepted in China. It is hoped that the introduction of the voting results can provide a reference for Chinese thoracic surgery colleagues.

Bronchopleural fistula （BPF） is a rare and life-threatening complication after pneumonectomy and is an abnormal passage formed between the bronchial and pleural cavities.BPF allows gases and secretions to be exchanged between the remaining lung and the thoracic cavity，causing coughing，chest tightness and shortness of breath，leading to complications such as pneumonia，pyothorax，and even tension pneumothorax.Because of the low incidence，complex causes，and various forms of BPF，there are few related studies on diagnosis and treatment，and most of them are individual cases.This review combines relevant domestic and foreign studies to introduce the diagnosis and treatment methods and prevention of postoperative BPF，in order to raise awareness and emphasize its importance.

China is a country with high incidence of esophageal cancer all over the world. In the era of precision medicine, precision screening and early diagnosis of esophageal cancer is the premise and key of precise treatment, and also an effective measure to improve the prognosis of esophageal cancer; perfect screening mechanism and precision screening method are the guarantee of early detection and early diagnosis of esophageal cancer. This paper reviews the research status of precision screening and early diagnosis of esophageal cancer in China.

In recent years, subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has been increasingly applied as a new approach for anterior mediastinal disease in China due to its excellent clinical outcomes. However, subxiphoid thoracoscopic mediastinal surgery is a technique that is still being developed and promoted, and requires users to have a comprehensive understanding of the technique in order to better apply it. Herein, we provide a review of the technique and its latest advancements for a more comprehensive understanding for the users.

With the widespread use of chest computed tomography (CT) in physical examination, more and more potential malignant pulmonary nodules are detected. For those nodules that required surgical intervention, localizing the nodules precisely is the key to the success of the surgery. At present, many positioning methods are in use, such as CT-guided percutaneous localization, electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy positioning, anatomical positioning and intraoperative ultrasonography positioning, and the localization materials include hook-wire, microcoils, colouring agents, biomedical glue and so on. However, there are instinct flaws among these multiple methods. Therefore, it is of great importance to summarize the indications of these methods so as to select appropriate one for certain pulmonary nodules.

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) associated with thoracic malignancy can seriously affect patients’ long-term survival. Most of these patients have poor basic conditions and can only choose palliative treatment. Preventing TEF and diagnosing it early is key to potentially improving its long-term prognosis. The emergence of new diagnostic and treatment technologies has brought new hope to these patients. This article summarized the progress and prospect of thoracic tumor-related TEF in four parts: pathogenesis, diagnosis and classification, treatment and prognosis, hoping to provide some reference for clinical work.