Esophageal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in China. Surgery remains the cornerstone of curative-intent treatment for patients with resectable disease. However, postoperative recurrence and metastasis remain major causes of poor long-term survival. As an essential component of multidisciplinary treatment, postoperative adjuvant therapy aims to eradicate potential minimal residual disease (MRD), reduce the risk of recurrence, and improve survival outcomes. In recent years, perioperative treatment strategies for esophageal cancer, including chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy, have evolved rapidly. Nevertheless, considerable controversy remains regarding the indications, treatment regimens, and management strategies for postoperative adjuvant therapy across different clinical settings, and standardized clinical practice is still lacking. To further standardize the clinical practice of postoperative adjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer in China, the Esophageal Cancer Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association convened a multidisciplinary panel of experts to develop the Chinese Expert Consensus on Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy for Esophageal Cancer (2026 Edition). This consensus addresses key issues, including the fundamental principles and management of postoperative adjuvant therapy, treatment strategies across different clinical scenarios, the application of biomarkers, and the management of special populations. A total of 18 recommendations are proposed to provide standardized and individualized guidance for clinical decision-making and to identify priorities for future clinical research.