This paper systematically reviews the evolution and future prospects of thoracoscopic minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in China over the past three decades. The developmental trajectory of MIE in China from the early 1990s to the present was analyzed, focusing on instrument innovation, surgical approach evolution, breakthroughs in key techniques, and the shift in comprehensive treatment paradigms. In the early 1990s, in response to the significant trauma and high morbidity associated with traditional open transthoracic esophagectomy, Chinese thoracic surgeons initiated minimally invasive exploration despite challenges such as reliance on imported instruments, lack of technical precedents, and conservative mindsets. Over the past thirty years, the field has achieved a comprehensive leap: surgical instruments have evolved from "homemade adaptations" to sophisticated domestic manufacturing and intelligent systems; surgical approaches have diversified from video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery to totally thoracoscopic, robot-assisted, uniportal, and mediastinoscopic techniques. Critical breakthroughs have been made in the semi-prone position approach, tubular gastric conduit reconstruction, and the innovative anastomosis techniques. The treatment paradigm has shifted from surgery alone to perioperative multidisciplinary comprehensive therapy. Notably, several high-impact clinical trials led by Chinese researchers have been incorporated into international guidelines, signifying a shift from "following" to "leading" in the global arena. Overall, a standardized and mature technical system for MIE has been established in China. Future developments will focus on greater precision through imaging planning, intelligent robotic platforms, organ preservation strategies, and the standardization of care across regions, aiming to optimize outcomes for esophageal cancer patients with "Chinese solutions" .