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中华胸部外科电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (01) : 1 -13. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8773.2026.01.01

指南与共识

食管癌患者围手术期肠内营养置管及通路管理专家共识
潘赛波1, 韩佳1, 吴明1,(), 于振涛2   
  1. 1310009 杭州,浙江大学医学院附属第二医院胸外科
    2518116 深圳,中国医学科学院肿瘤医院深圳医院
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-10 修回日期:2025-12-17 接受日期:2026-02-06 出版日期:2026-02-28
  • 通信作者: 吴明

Expert consensus on perioperative enteral nutrition catheterization methods and access maintenance in patients with esophageal cancer

Saibo Pan1, Jia Han1, Ming Wu1,(), Zhentao Yu2   

  1. 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Mecieine, Hangzhou 310009, China
    2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen 518116, China
  • Received:2025-06-10 Revised:2025-12-17 Accepted:2026-02-06 Published:2026-02-28
  • Corresponding author: Ming Wu
引用本文:

潘赛波, 韩佳, 吴明, 于振涛. 食管癌患者围手术期肠内营养置管及通路管理专家共识[J/OL]. 中华胸部外科电子杂志, 2026, 13(01): 1-13.

Saibo Pan, Jia Han, Ming Wu, Zhentao Yu. Expert consensus on perioperative enteral nutrition catheterization methods and access maintenance in patients with esophageal cancer[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Thoracic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 13(01): 1-13.

食管癌作为严重威胁我国居民健康的恶性肿瘤,其发病率和死亡率在我国消化道恶性肿瘤谱中位居前列。围手术期营养管理是食管癌综合治疗体系中的重要环节,众多食管癌患者存在营养不良风险,这将显著增加术后并发症发生率和医疗支出,并直接影响患者预后及长期生存质量。基于国内外消化道肿瘤营养支持治疗指南的核心原则,构建规范化营养干预路径需以安全有效的肠内营养通路建立为基础。本共识由多学科专家共同制定,系统阐述食管癌患者围手术期肠内营养置管方式的循证选择策略,提出涵盖术前评估、术中决策、术后维护的全周期营养通路管理的解决方案,旨在通过系统化操作流程,降低置管及通路相关并发症发生率,优化营养支持治疗效果,为改善患者预后提供实践指导。

Esophageal cancer, a malignant tumor that seriously threatens the health of Chinese residents, ranks among the top in the spectrum of digestive tract malignant tumors in China in terms of incidence and mortality. Perioperative nutritional management is an important link in the comprehensive treatment system for esophageal cancer. Many patients with esophageal cancer suffer from malnutrition and nutritional risks, which will significantly increase the incidence of postoperative complications, medical expenses, and directly affect the prognosis and long-term quality of life of patients. Based on the core principles of nutritional support therapy guidelines for digestive tract tumors at home and abroad, the construction of a standardized nutritional intervention pathway needs to be based on the establishment of a safe and effective enteral nutrition pathway. This consensus was jointly formulated by multidisciplinary experts, systematically elaborating the evidence-based selection strategies for enteral nutrition catheterization methods in patients with esophageal cancer during the perioperative period. It innovatively proposes a full-cycle access management solution covering preoperative assessment, intraoperative decision-making, and postoperative maintenance. The aim is to reduce the incidence of catheterization and access-related complications and optimize the therapeutic effect of nutritional support through a systematic operation process, in order to provide practical guidance for improving the prognosis of patients.

表1 GRADE证据等级及定义[13]
表2 GRADE证据等级及定义[13]
表3 肠内营养泵操作流程[71,72]
评估阶段
1.双人核查肠内营养医嘱准确性
2.系统评估患者意识状态、配合度及营养风险等级,确认当前喂养途径、输注模式及误吸风险系数
3.筛查腹部体征(疼痛、腹胀)及并发症(腹泻、胃潴留等)
4.向患者说明操作目的与流程,获取知情配合
操作前准备
1.人员规范:着装整洁符合无菌要求,执行手卫生,佩戴医用口罩
2.物品核查与环境管理:备齐并检查所需物品(包括无菌治疗盘、肠内营养制剂、输注泵、温开水或生理盐水等,均需在有效期内),合理放置于治疗车;确保操作环境安静、整洁、光线适宜
操作流程
1.核对与体位安置:携相关物品至床旁,双核对患者床号、姓名、病历号及腕带信息。协助无禁忌症者取半卧位(30°~45°)
2.管理与输注系统确认:经喂养管脉冲式推注温开水20~30 mL维持管路通畅。连接肠内营养输注系统:输液器与营养袋衔接排气,管路嵌入肠内营养泵卡槽,输注端连接喂养管
3.启动与维持:启动肠内营养泵,阶梯式调节输注速度与总量。持续输注期管理:每4 h暂停泵注,断开管路连接,经给药口脉冲式推注温开水或生理盐水20~30 mL,重新连接管路恢复输注
4.耐受性评估:每4~6 h采用标准化量表评估营养耐受性,动态调整输注参数
操作后处理
1.终止肠内营养泵运行,撤除输注装置
2.脉冲式推注温开水或生理盐水20~30 mL冲洗喂养管,封闭导管端口并妥善固定
3.持续监测消化道不良反应(恶心、呕吐、腹胀、腹泻)及电解质平衡状态
表4 肠内营养耐受性评分表[72,73]
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