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中华胸部外科电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (01) : 36 -48. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8773.2026.01.04

论著

局部进展期食管鳞状细胞癌患者新辅助免疫联合化疗前后体成分变化与围手术期结局的相关性分析
陆飞, 邓朗朗, 刘江江, 张煜, 冯伟, 马海涛()   
  1. 215000 苏州,苏州大学附属第四医院胸心大血管外科
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-09 修回日期:2026-02-05 接受日期:2026-02-11 出版日期:2026-02-28
  • 通信作者: 马海涛

Analysis of the correlation between changes in body composition and perioperative outcomes in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy

Fei Lu, Langlang Deng, Jiangjiang Liu, Yu Zhang, Wei Feng, Haitao Ma()   

  1. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Suchow University, Suzhou 215000, China
  • Received:2026-01-09 Revised:2026-02-05 Accepted:2026-02-11 Published:2026-02-28
  • Corresponding author: Haitao Ma
引用本文:

陆飞, 邓朗朗, 刘江江, 张煜, 冯伟, 马海涛. 局部进展期食管鳞状细胞癌患者新辅助免疫联合化疗前后体成分变化与围手术期结局的相关性分析[J/OL]. 中华胸部外科电子杂志, 2026, 13(01): 36-48.

Fei Lu, Langlang Deng, Jiangjiang Liu, Yu Zhang, Wei Feng, Haitao Ma. Analysis of the correlation between changes in body composition and perioperative outcomes in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Thoracic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 13(01): 36-48.

目的

探讨局部进展期食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)患者在接受新辅助免疫联合化疗期间骨骼肌指数(SMI)及皮下脂肪指数(SAI)变化与新辅助治疗疗效、治疗相关不良反应及围手术期结局之间的关系。

方法

回顾性纳入2020年1月至2025年1月于苏州大学附属第一医院及附属第四医院接受新辅助免疫联合化疗并行根治性手术的局部进展期ESCC患者109例。基于第三腰椎(L3)水平腹部计算机断层扫描(CT)图像测量新辅助治疗前后SMI和SAI,并计算其变化百分比(ΔSMI%、ΔSAI%)。根据SMI和SAI变化将患者分组,比较不同分组患者的新辅助治疗影像学疗效、病理肿瘤退缩分级(TRG)、治疗相关不良反应及围手术期结局的差异。

结果

不同ΔSMI%和ΔSAI%分组患者在基线临床特征方面差异均无统计学意义。SMI和SAI的变化与影像学疗效及TRG分级之间均无显著相关性。SMI下降组患者白细胞计数下降的不良反应发生率及严重程度显著高于其余两组。在围手术期结局方面,SMI下降组术后住院时间显著延长,胸腔积液及肺炎发生率明显升高,而总体并发症发生率虽呈升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义。SAI变化与围手术期相关指标及并发症发生率之间未见显著相关性。

结论

在局部进展期ESCC患者中,新辅助免疫联合化疗期间SMI的动态变化与围手术期的恢复情况及并发症发生情况密切相关,而与影像学疗效及病理缓解程度的相关性有限。相比之下,SAI变化对围手术期结局的预测价值相对有限。动态监测新辅助治疗期间骨骼肌变化,有助于术前风险评估及围手术期管理的优化。

Objective

To explore the associations between changes in skeletal muscle index (SMI) and subcutaneous adipose index (SAI) during neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and treatment response, treatment-related adverse events, and perioperative outcomes in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

This retrospective study included 109 patients with locally advanced ESCC who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy followed by radical surgery between January 2020 and January 2025 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Suchow University and The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Suchow University. SMI and SAI were measured on abdominal computed tomography (CT) images at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level before and after neoadjuvant treatment. Percentage changes (ΔSMI% and ΔSAI%) were calculated, and patients were stratified according to body composition changes. Radiological response, pathological tumor regression grade (TRG), treatment-related adverse events, and perioperative outcomes were compared among groups.

Results

Baseline clinical characteristics were comparable across different ΔSMI% and ΔSAI% groups. No significant associations were observed between changes in SMI or SAI and radiological response or TRG. Patients with decreased SMI experienced a significantly higher incidence and severity of leukopenia. Regarding perioperative outcomes, the group with decreased SMI had a significantly longer postoperative hospital stay and a higher incidence of pleural effusion and pneumonia. Although the overall complication rate tended to be higher in this group, the difference did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, changes in SAI were not significantly associated with perioperative outcomes or complication rates.

Conclusions

Dynamic changes in SMI during neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy are closely associated with perioperative recovery and postoperative complications in patients with locally advanced ESCC, whereas their correlation with radiological and pathological response is limited. Changes in SAI show limited predictive value for perioperative outcomes. Monitoring skeletal muscle dynamics during neoadjuvant treatment may aid in preoperative risk stratification and optimization of perioperative management.

表1 不同SMI变化分组患者的临床基线资料比较
表2 不同SAI变化分组患者的临床基线资料比较
表3 不同SMI及SAI变化分组患者新辅助治疗前后影像学疗效的比较
表4 不同SMI及SAI变化分组患者手术后病理TRG分级的比较
表5 不同SMI及SAI变化分组患者新辅助治疗期间不良反应的比较
表6 ΔSMI分组与白细胞计数下降的多因素回归分析
表7 不同SMI及SAI变化分组患者围手术期指标及术后并发症的比较
围手术期相关指标 SMI SAI
下降组(n=21) 稳定组(n=55) 升高组(n=33) P 下降组(n=48) 稳定组(n=13) 升高组(n=48) P
手术时间(min) 325.0(267.5~422.5) 355.0(270.0~429.0) 307.5(271.3~16.8) 0.650a 360.0(300.0~426.8) 325.0(300.0~392.5) 325.0(255.0~413.0) 0.303a
术中出血(mL) 200.0(100.0~475.0) 200.0(100.0~400.0) 200.0(100.0~337.5) 0.696a 200.0(100.0~400.0) 200.0(100.0~450.0) 200.0(100.0~400.0) 0.574a
手术方式       0.249b       0.290b
MIE 17(81.0) 49(89.1) 25(75.0)   42(87.5) 9(69.2) 40 (83.3)  
OE 4(19.0) 6(10.9) 8(24.2)   6(12.5) 4(30.8) 8 (16.7)  
术后住院时间(天) 24.0(16.5~50.5) 16.0(12.0~26.0) 19.0(15.5~31.0) 0.014a 19.0(14.0~26.0) 16.0(12.5~38.5) 20.0(15.0~31.8) 0.697a
术后并发症                
术后胸腔积液 12(57.1) 16(29.1) 7(21.2) 0.018b 14(29.2) 4(30.8) 17(35.4) 0.802b
术后肺炎 10(47.6) 14(25.5) 6(18.2) 0.055b 10(20.8) 4(30.8) 16(33.3) 0.376b
术后感染 6(28.6) 8(14.5) 5(15.2) 0.325b 7(14.6) 2(15.4) 10(20.8) 0.707b
吻合口瘘 2(9.5) 7(12.7) 4(12.1) 0.928b 7(14.6) 0(0.0) 6(12.5) 0.350b
呼吸衰竭 1(4.8) 3(5.5) 1(3.0) 0.870b 2(4.2) 0(0.0) 3(6.3) 0.623b
总并发症发生率 13(61.9) 28(50.9) 15(45.5) 0.497b 24(50.0) 4(30.8) 28(58.3) 0.204b
表8 ΔSMI分组与发生胸腔积液的多因素回归分析
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