In the past 30 years, the perioperative mortality and short-term survival were greatly improved. When compared to the other solid organ transplantations, the long-term survival of lung transplantation did not increase a lot. Even if the patients could get through the perioperative period and discharged, we should strictly continue the postoperative management. The major complications after lung transplantation include infection, immunological rejection, airway complications, lymphopro-liferative disorder, etc. We should try our best to prevent or find the clues of possible complication, and it was very important to improve the long-term survival.