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中华胸部外科电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (02) : 86 -97. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-8773.2023.02.05

论著

食管术后良性吻合口狭窄的危险因素:来自早期内镜评估的结果
杨渝鑫, 苏瑜琛, 李春光, 李志刚()   
  1. 200030 上海,上海交通大学医学院附属胸科医院胸外科
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-18 修回日期:2023-05-28 接受日期:2023-05-29 出版日期:2023-05-28
  • 通信作者: 李志刚

Risk factors of benign anastomotic stricture after esophagectomy: results from early endoscopic assessment

Yuxin Yang, Yuchen Su, Chunguang Li, Zhigang Li()   

  1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
  • Received:2023-05-18 Revised:2023-05-28 Accepted:2023-05-29 Published:2023-05-28
  • Corresponding author: Zhigang Li
引用本文:

杨渝鑫, 苏瑜琛, 李春光, 李志刚. 食管术后良性吻合口狭窄的危险因素:来自早期内镜评估的结果[J]. 中华胸部外科电子杂志, 2023, 10(02): 86-97.

Yuxin Yang, Yuchen Su, Chunguang Li, Zhigang Li. Risk factors of benign anastomotic stricture after esophagectomy: results from early endoscopic assessment[J]. Chinese Journal of Thoracic Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 10(02): 86-97.

目的

良性吻合口狭窄是食管切除术和食管胃重建术后常见的并发症。一些患者不得不经历几次内窥镜扩张。本研究旨在通过分析吻合口和管胃残端的形态学变化来研究术后早期内窥镜检查是否与良性吻合口狭窄的发展有关。

方法

前瞻性收集2020年7月至2020年12月期间接受McKeown手术和管胃重建术后早期内镜检查的172例患者的资料。使用多变量逻辑分析探讨各种潜在危险因素之间的相关性,包括新辅助治疗、辅助治疗、黏膜缺损的严重程度和良性吻合口狭窄的发展。

结果

共50名患者(29.0%)发展为良性吻合口狭窄,中位发展时间为90天,中位下内镜扩张次数为2次。吻合口无坏死或渗漏,管胃残端未发生吻合口狭窄。在多变量分析中,缺乏术后化疗是良性吻合口狭窄发生的唯一显著危险因素(P=0.04)。共29名患者(58.0%)出现了顽固性吻合口狭窄。多因素分析显示,术后未进行放疗(P=0.01)或化疗(P=0.03)是顽固性吻合口狭窄的危险因素。无论辅助治疗方案如何,大多数顽固性吻合口狭窄都倾向于在术后早期发展。

结论

术后早期内镜检查是一种安全的工具,不会增加吻合口坏死或渗漏的发生率。缺乏术后放化疗是顽固性吻合口狭窄发生的危险因素,而无症状黏膜缺损对吻合口和管胃残端的吻合口狭窄的发生仅有有限的预测价值。

Objective

Benign anastomotic stricture represents a frequent complication after esophagectomy and esophagogastric reconstruction. Some patients had to go through several endoscopic dilations. This study was undertaken to investigate whether early endoscopic examinations after surgery was associated with benign anastomotic stricture development by analyzing morphological change of the anastomosis and gastric tube stump.

Methods

Data of 172 patients with early endoscopic examinations following McKeown procedure and gastric tube reconstruction between July 2020 and December 2020 were prospectively collected. Correlations among various potential risk factors including neoadjuvant therapy, adjuvant therapy, severity of mucosal defect and development of benign anastomotic stricture were explored using multivariate logistic analysis.

Results

Fifty patients (29.0%) had developed benign anastomotic stricture with a median of 90 days, requiring a median of 2 endoscopic dilations. No necrosis or leakage at anastomosis or gastric tube stump had ever developed anastomotic strictures. In multivariate analysis, lack of postoperative chemotherapy was the only significant risk factor for BAS (P=0.04). Twenty-nine patients (58.0%) had developed refractory anastomotic strictures. In multivariate analysis, lack of postoperative radiotherapy (P=0.01) and chemotherapy (P=0.03) were the risk factors for refractory anastomotic strictures. Most refractory anastomotic strictures had tendency to develop early after surgery regardless of the adjuvant therapy regimens.

Conclusions

Early postoperative esophagogastric endoscopy is a safe tool that would not increase the incidence of anastomotic necrosis or leakage. Lack of postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy was associated with RAS, while asymptomatic mucosal defect had limited predictive value for the occurrence of anastomotic stricture at the anastomotic site and gastric stump.

图1 术后7天早期内镜表现。根据内镜下的表现,将吻合口的愈合程度分为3类:①正常,吻合口仅有线型薄白苔。②愈合欠佳:吻合口白苔增宽,出现溃疡、凹陷、厚苔等。③吻合口瘘或黏膜坏死,吻合口上下缘出现全层缺损。管胃残端表现分为3类:①正常,残端完好或仅有薄苔。②愈合欠佳:残端出现厚苔溃疡,周边黏膜充血。③黏膜坏死或瘘:残端黏膜可见全层缺损
表1 患者基线资料
表2 与吻合口狭窄发生相关的单因素和多因素分析
变量 单因素分析 多因素分析
无狭窄(n=122) 狭窄(n=50) P OR(95%CI P
年龄     0.28 0.66(0.31~1.39) 0.27
≤67岁 67 32      
>67岁 55 18      
性别     0.94 1.17(0.24~5.62) 0.85
19 8      
103 42      
吸烟史     0.84 0.84(0.28~2.55) 0.76
31 19      
91 31      
饮酒史       1.52(0.48~4.82) 0.48
35 12 0.53    
93 32      
高血压     0.56 1.35(0.63~2.88) 0.44
86 33      
36 17      
糖尿病     0.95 2.17(0.971~4.84) 0.06
97 35      
25 15      
病理pTNM分期     0.06 0.53(0.25~1.11) 0.92
0~Ⅰ期 18 36      
Ⅱ~Ⅲ期 104 14      
肿瘤位置     0.18 0.97(0.52~1.79) 0.92
胸上段 7 7      
胸中段 57 20      
胸下段 48 23      
新辅助放疗     0.74 0.95(027~3.35) 0.94
104 45      
18 5      
新辅助化疗     0.72 1.00(0.41~2.44) 0.99
76 41      
46 9      
重建路线          
胸骨后 6 1 0.38 0.53(0.06~4.95) 0.58
后纵隔 116 49      
圆形吻合器直径     0.53 0.66(0.27~1.64) 0.37
21 mm 33 17      
25 mm 89 133      
术后辅助放疗     0.21 1.90(0.76~4.73) 0.17
89 33      
30 17      
术后辅助化疗     0.23 0.40(0.16~0.96) 0.04
76 36      
66 14      
吻合口内镜下表现     0.79 0.70(0.35~1.41) 0.32
正常黏膜 68 30      
溃疡 52 19      
黏膜坏死或瘘 2 1      
管胃残端内镜表现     0.37 0.70(0.33~1.50) 0.36
正常黏膜 104 46      
溃疡 10 1      
黏膜坏死或瘘 8 3      
表3 与顽固性吻合口狭窄发生相关的单因素和多因素分析
变量 单因素分析 多因素分析
单纯性狭窄(n=21) 顽固性狭窄(n=29) P OR95%CI P
年龄     0.24 21.4(0.17~26.57) 0.56
≤67岁 10 21      
>67岁 11 8      
性别     0.87 0.88(0.01~106.51) 0.96
4 5      
17 24      
吸烟史     0.85 0.68(0.02~23.83) 0.83
11 4      
10 25      
饮酒史     0.23 0.59(0.01~25.08) 0.78
9 5      
12 24      
高血压     0.60 3.63(0.26~51.32) 0.37
13 20      
8 9      
糖尿病     0.52 3.01(0.27~34.01) 0.34
15 23      
12 66      
病理pTNM分期     0.57 3.01(0.27~34.01) 0.37
0~Ⅰ期 16 20      
Ⅱ~Ⅲ期 5 9      
肿瘤位置     0.67 0.28(0.04~1.96) 0.20
胸上段 1 5      
胸中段 15 11      
胸下段 5 13      
新辅助放疗       0.00(0.00~>999) 1.00
1 0 0.24    
20 29      
新辅助化疗     0.29 2.15(0.17~26.61) 0.55
8 7      
13 22      
重建路线     0.65 0.56(0.02~16.11) 0.73
胸骨后 19 25      
后纵隔 2 4      
圆形吻合器直径     0.85 3.56(0.23~55.58) 0.23
21 mm 15 20      
25 mm 6 9      
术后辅助放疗     0.01 0.02(0.00~0.34) 0.01
8 25      
13 4      
术后辅助化疗     0.23 0.04(0.00~0.76) 0.03
8 24      
13 5      
吻合口内镜下表现     0.99 0.50(0.06~3.99) 0.51
正常黏膜 13 19      
溃疡 8 9      
黏膜坏死或瘘 0 1      
管胃残端内镜表现     0.92 0.82(0.11~5.89) 0.84
正常黏膜 18 26      
溃疡 2 0      
黏膜坏死或瘘 1 3      
图2 狭窄的发生与术后辅助治疗(A)、术后化疗(B)及术后放疗(C)的时间分布,顽固性吻合口狭窄大多发生在术后早期。RAS:顽固性吻合口狭窄;SAS:单纯性吻合口狭窄;CT:术后化疗;RT:术后放疗
图3 内镜下吻合口处黏膜表现(A)及管胃残端处黏膜表现(B)与吻合口狭窄发生的时间分布,顽固性吻合口狭窄大多发生在术后早期。RAS:顽固性吻合口狭窄;SAS:单纯性吻合口狭窄
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